Human Fine Body Hair Enhances Ectoparasites Detection, by Dean and Shiva

Human Fine Body Hair Enhances Ectoparasites Detection, by Dean and Shiva Introduction In this research article, Dean and Shiva-Jothy experimentally tested the relationship between the defensive action of human hair and the activities of ectoparasites. In the study the co-researchers have used experiential design to compare a parasite search times on the shaved and unshaved arm of the same host and the ability of the host to detect the presence of the parasite (Dean Siva-Jothy, 2011).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Human Fine Body Hair Enhances Ectoparasites Detection, by Dean and Shiva-Jothy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The researchers examined the relationship between an individual’s level of hairiness, search time and the detection ability of the ectoparasites. The paper fits well into the wider context of the study because it aims at investigating the possible cause and effect relationship by manipulating one dependent variable to influence the other variables in the group being experimented, and by controlling the other relevant variables and measuring the effects of manipulation through a statistical means. The technique used by the co-researchers indicates the relationship between human fine body hair functions and the detection of ectoparasites. Thus, it is important to identify the link between the ectoparasites’ host choice and the nature and duration of search behavior by the ectoparasites. The gap in this research appears in the evidence and the promising areas of future research. The researchers have attempted to raise questions that are worthwhile and relevant to the topic of the study. However, the core of the validation process and key to the quality of the research is provided by the critical feedbacks in which the theory of the co-researchers is continually reviewed based on their actions and experience. Methods The experiential design used by the co-researchers requires that the individuals sampled are tested both on shaved and unshaved arms to prevent research biases.Advertising Looking for essay on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The experiential method used by the co-researchers is appropriate because the study is based on individuals in which the subject of the research contribute to the content of the research including the phenomenon being researched and the creative thinking that the co-researchers generate and manage to draw conclusions. The statistical analysis explains the comparison of search times of the ectoparasites on male and female hosts, it indicates the search times compared with treatment of the arms on male hosts but not in female hosts. Moreover, the statistical analysis also indicates the detection of the ectoparasites on shaved and unshaved arms, the hosts detected the ectoparasites significantly more frequently on controlled arms compared with shaved arms in female and male hosts. The co-researcher s employed research methods that were very beneficial in addressing the phenomena under investigation. Descriptive research is the other important method that can be beneficial in this study since it allows the researchers to verify the hypothesis to present a situation and analyze it (Moher, Dulbers Wells, 1994). This research describes the conditions in detail of the present situation. The descriptive method can be used by the researchers to record data in form of a written report according to their perception (Quinn Keough, 2002). Results The results obtained by the co-researchers confirmed the hypothesis, hence providing an opportunity for further research on the topic.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Human Fine Body Hair Enhances Ectoparasites Detection, by Dean and Shiva-Jothy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Therefore, the research provides a clear ground to make claims that the ectoparasites activity depen ds on the presence of the human fine hair on the body; hence the findings confirmed the research hypothesis. Moreover, it was found out that the ectoparasites had significantly longer search times on unshaved arms on male hosts but not on female hosts. The co-researchers presented the data in a clear way that is easy to understand and interpret. However, the co-researchers failed to provide an explanation on the differences that existed between the male and female hosts. Discussion The data presented by the statistical analysis indicate that the presence of the fine body hair prolongs the search behavior of the ectoparasites and enhances the detection of the searching ectoparasites. It clearly indicates that a higher hair index increases the chances of the hosts to detect the ectoparasites. The research indicates that due to the differences in hair index in males and females, there are implications on gender differences in the detection of the ectoparasites. Therefore, there is need to conduct further studies in order to come up with a better reason that causes the differences between male and female hosts. Due to the differences in the number of males and females who took part in this research, the conclusions may be over generalized because it does not fairly represent the actual population. The other methods should be more simple and easy to interpret. For instance, the line graphs indicate data in different points over time (Ryan Bernard, 2000). In a line graph the x- axis indicates the time interval and the y-axis indicates the values of the dependent variable (Tashakkori Teddlie 1998). A pie chart can also be used because it is easy to interpret the results and the contribution of each item to the whole, and the figures provided as a percentage of the whole (Montgomery, 1997).Advertising Looking for essay on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In conclusion, the co-researchers have made very important caveats in this study for instance, the research findings are introduced because there is evidence that the research was performed with methodological rigor and the findings are bias free. In addition, the co-researchers have used statistical analysis that has made it easy to interpret raw data into meaningful data. The findings of the data confirm the hypothesis of the research through the determination of the relationship between an individual’s level of hairiness, search time and the detection ability of the ectoparasites. The study fits in line with earlier studies conducted on primates. The study has made advancements from the previous studies because of the inclusion of human beings in the trial experiments as opposed to the earlier studies that used laboratory organisms and primates. Finally, It is important to do further studies on the feeding preferences of the ectoparasites on the hairless parts of the human body. As indicated earlier, the strengths of this research is based on the possible cause and effect relationship by manipulating one dependent variable to influence the other variables in the group being experimented. References Dean, I., Siva-Jothy, M., T. (2011). Human fine body hair enhances ectoparasites detection. Biology Letters, Animal Behavior, doi:10.1098/rsbl.2011.0987. Moher, D., Dulbers C. S., Wells, G., A. (1994). Statistical power, sample size, and their reporting in randomized controlled trial. JAMA, 272:122-124. Montgomery, D., C. (1997). Design and analysis of experiments, 4th edition. New York: John Wiley Sons. Quinn, G. Keough, M. (2002). Experimental design and data analysis for biologists. UK: Cambridge University Press. Ryan, G., W., Bernard, H., R. (2000). Data management and analysis methods. In Norman K. Denzin Yvonna S. Lincoln (Eds.), Handbook of qualitative research (pp.769-802). Thousand Oaks: Sage. Tashakkori, A., Teddlie, C. (1998). Mixed meth odology: combining qualitative and quantitative approaches, (Vol. 46). Thousand Oaks: Sage.

Tissues can convert to stem cells Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Tissues can convert to stem cells - Essay Example The difference between the fruit flies and other researched subjects is that the fruit flies larval ovary has an abundant supply of the fruit fly protein that is analogous to a protein (BMP4) involved in germ-cell development in developing mammalian embryos. Secondly, the cells in the larval ovary are unlikely to block reversion, in contrast to the cells that cluster cells encounter normally. Thus it appears that under these two conditions, embryonic stem cell testing can be avoided. My reaction to stem cell research really depends on what it is that is being used. While I have no objection to the use of the umbilicus or adult cells, I am completely against the use of embryonic cell use. A human embryo is a human being. We should not be killing humans. Abortion is an atrocity in this country as it is. The logic behind my position is simple. When a sperm and an egg combine it makes a human being. Even when it is still just one cell it is a unique and individual human being with its own set of unique genes. Every human being is a unique person and human life should be respected. How can anyone say its okay for "human abortions" to be acceptable and at the same time want to "save the whales" It is a horror on massive scale.

How Managers Can Apply Their Interpersonal, Informational and Essay

How Managers Can Apply Their Interpersonal, Informational and Decisional Roles to Influence the Performance of Their Organizatio - Essay Example Leadership is the process of manipulating other people to achieve specified objectives or goals. From a business point of view, a manager is a person, who has been given the mandate to influence the employees of a given organization in order to achieve the organization goals. Therefore, leadership roles are to communicate ideas, motivating employees, and gaining their commitment, enthusiasm, and acceptance so that they can support and implement the organizational goals and objectives. A manager should be a person who can perform the following roles; 1. Interpersonal roles: Should be able to perform, symbolic and ceremonial skills. Should also be one who can direct and monitor the subordinates, through communication and counsel, and be one who can maintain links in information through mail, meetings, and phone calls. 2. Informational roles: Can seek and receives information by maintaining personal contact with stakeholders and scanning periodicals and reports, transmits the informatio n to employees through reports, speeches and memos. 3. Decisional roles: An excellent manager is one who can come up with new ideas and delegate the idea responsibility to other persons. He should be one who can take the necessary action during crisis and disputes among his subordinates, a skilled negotiator who can represent his unit in budget, sales, purchases, and union contracts. Thematically, this paper seeks to show, by use of relevant case examples, how managers can influence successful performance of their organization through the application of the managerial skills discussed above. The three managerial roles will be discussed separately, in order to analyze each of them critically. Interpersonal roles Interpersonal skills are required, in order, for the manager to perform as a figurehead role in the organization, and this is considered to be a leading management function. An organization cannot succeed if the managers cannot direct and monitor their subordinates. In a case example; Intermatic Inc, a company located in spring Grove, Illinois was on the verge of bankruptcy. Jim miller, a former employee, was asked to return as president of the firm. He applied his interpersonal roles that enabled him to restructure the whole firm; he directed his staff and managed to bring the firm back from the edge of bankruptcy to its growth, profitability and survival (Lussier & Achua, 2010). For a manager to have strong interpersonal skills he should be capable of performing the following roles; 1. The figurehead role: Any manager or leader in an organization is capable of performing this role; it includes the caring out of basic tasks such as, presiding at meetings, and signing important documents (Davis, 2006). 2. The leader role: This is the role that influences how most leaders perform all other roles, the tasks that are preformed in this role include tasks like; evaluation of employee performance, coaching and giving instructions, training and hiring new empl oyees (Davis, 2006). 3. The liaison role: The liaison role is involved with the interacting and communicating with people outside the organization, and several tasks that include the developing of relationships, attending of professional meetings, maintaining contact with organizations and other people, and networking (Davis, 2006). Interpersonal skill is an individual’s capability to perform the above roles. In another case example, British airways hired a

The Ruthenium Red Test Biology Essay

The Ruthenium Red Test Biology Essay This test is subjected to identification of carbohydrates. 1 w/v dispersion of test substance was prepared in distilled water. Test mixture was combined with a small amount of molischs reagent in a test tube. After mixing, small amount of concentrated sulphuric acid was slowly added down the sides of the sloping test tube to obtain violet ring at junction. 5.2.1.4. Ninhydrin test This test is subjected to identification of proteins. 2 ml aqueous solution of test substance and 1 ml alcoholic ninhydrin solution was mixed in test tube and heated at 80Â ° C for 5 min to obtain red color. 5.2.1.5. Test with iodine This test is subjected to identification of non reducing polysachharides (starch). 1 % w/v dispersion of test substance was prepared in distilled water. 3 ml test solution and few drops of dilute Iodine solution were mixed to obtain blue color after cooling and no color after heating. 5.2.1.6. Biuret test This test is subjected to identification of proteins. 1 % w/v dispersion of test substance was prepared in distilled water. 3 ml test solution, 1 ml 4% sodium hydroxide and 2 drops of copper sulphate solution were mixed to obtain violet to pink. 5.2.1.7. Salkowski test This test is subjected to identification of steroids. 1 % w/v dispersion of test substance was prepared in distilled water. 2 ml test solution, 2 ml chloroform and 2 ml conc. sulphuric acid were mixed and shaken well to obtain red colored chloroform layer and greenish yellow fluorescence in acid layer. 5.2.1.8. Baljet test This test is subjected to identification of glycosides. 1 % w/v dispersion of test substance was prepared in distilled water. 2ml test solution and 2 ml sodium picrate was mixed in test tube to obtain yellow to orange color. 5.2.1.9. Shinoda test This test is subjected to identification of flavonoids. 1 % w/v dispersion of test substance was prepared in distilled water. 3 ml test substance, 5 ml 95% ethanol, 2 drops of Conc. HCl and 0.5 g magnesium turnings were mixed to obtain pink color. 5.2.1.10. Wagners test This test is subjected to identification of alkaloids. 1 % w/v dispersion of test substance was prepared in distilled water and filtered. 3 ml test solution filtrate was mixed with 2 drops of Wagners reagent to obtain reddish brown precipitate. 5.2.1.11. Test with acetic acid solution This test is subjected to identification of alkaloids. 1 % w/v dispersion of test substance was prepared in distilled water. 2 ml test solution and acetic acid solution were mixed to obtain red color. 5.2.2. Physicochemical studies123 5.2.2.1. Viscosity 1% w/v solution of test substance was prepared in distilled water and 0.1 N HCl separately. Solutions were kept at 37 Â ± 2 Â °C for 6 hours. Viscosity of test solutions determined using Brookfield viscometer using spindle no. 3 at 50 rpm (Model No. DV-E). 5.2.2.2. pH determination124 1 % w/v dispersion of test substance in distilled water was prepared by shaking for 30 min and the pH determined using a pH meter (Elico). 5.2.2.3. Swelling Index88 Swelling index is the volume in ml occupied by 1 g of a drug, including any adhering mucilage, after it has swollen in an aqueous liquid for 4 hours. 1 g test substance (Fine powder) was placed in 25 ml ground glass stoppered measuring cylinder with graduations in 0.5 ml divisions. The test substance was moistened with 1.0 ml of 96% ethanol and 25 ml distilled water was added. Cylinder was closed using stopper. Cylinder was shaken every 10 min time interval for 1 hour and then was allowed to stand for 3 hours. Volume occupied by the test sample was determined in ml after decanting the supernatant clear liquid. Swelling index was calculated from average of three tests. Same experiment was performed using 25 ml 0.1 N hydrochloric acid instead of distilled water. Swelling index was calculated using following equation. Vt = Volume occupied by test substance after hydration, at time 3 hrs. V0 = Volume occupied by test substance before hydration, at time zero. 5.2.2.4. Bulk density123 Bulk Density was determined using Borosil 50 ml measuring cylinder. The volume of 5 gm mucilage powder was noted. Value of Bulk density was calculated by, 5.2.2.5. Tapped density123 Tapped Density was determined using Borosil 50 ml measuring cylinder. The volume of known weight 5gm was noted. The cylinder was given 250 taps on using tapped density apparatus. Value of Tapped density was calculated by 5.2.2.6. Carrs compressibility index123 Carrs compressibility index of AER mucilage powder was calculated from respective tapped density and bulk density by, 5.2.2.7. Loss on drying88 In flat bottom dish, 50 mm in diameter and 30 mm in height, 1 g fine powdered test substance dried in oven at 100-105 C for 3 hours. The test substance was allowed to cool in desiccator over diphosphorus pentoxide for 24 hours and weighed. Percentage loss on drying was calculated by following equation. Weight of empty dish = A g Weight of test substance taken = Y g Weight of dish containing test substance after drying and placing in desiccator = B g Weight of test substance after drying = (B A) g

The Identity of Thomas Pynchon :: Biography Biographies Essays

The Identity of Thomas Pynchon The identity of Thomas Pynchon is as elusive as the sticky, complex webs of meaning woven into his prose. As America's most "famous" hidden author, Pynchon produces works which simultaneously deal with issues of disappearance and meaning, of identity and nothingness in a fashion that befuddles some and delights others. He speaks to the world from his invisible pulpit, hiding behind a curtain of anonymity that safely disguises his personality from the prying eyes of critics and fans alike. Without a public author presence, readers are forced to derive the identity of the author instead from the author's actual works. When searching for the identity of Pynchon, and indeed the notion of identity itself, the novels of Thomas Pynchon offer an interesting starting point. Questions of identity and meaning are shrouded beneath a veil of conspiracy in The Crying of Lot 49, Pynchon's second novel and his shortest. Throughout the novel there are snatches of hidden agendas and mysterious plans; it is a world run by Pierce Inverarity, a character who is dead when the novel opens yet remains an active presence throughout the work. This seems to fit Pynchon's situation rather nicely as the ghostly moderator of a tired world, leading his main character Oedipa Maas on a quest for meaning while blindly groping for clues about a conspiratorial mail system known only as the Trystero. Oedipa's quest echos the quest of everyone; she wishes for an identity that makes some sense within the framework of her world. Thomas Pynchon, by erasing himself from the public sphere, is questing for identity in his own right through his writings, letting Mrs. Maas do the searching for him. Little is known about Pynchon's life, and no one who knows him seems to be willing to add to the miniscule pile of information currently available about him. His most recent published photograph dates back to 1953. Beginning at the beginning, he was born on May 8, 1937 in Glen Cove, New York. He attended Cornell University and received a degree in English in 1959. He worked at Boeing Company in Seattle as a technical writer until his first novel V. appeared in 1963 (Gray 70). From that point onward, Pynchon vanished from the public eye. Information about any part of Pynchon's life after V. The Identity of Thomas Pynchon :: Biography Biographies Essays The Identity of Thomas Pynchon The identity of Thomas Pynchon is as elusive as the sticky, complex webs of meaning woven into his prose. As America's most "famous" hidden author, Pynchon produces works which simultaneously deal with issues of disappearance and meaning, of identity and nothingness in a fashion that befuddles some and delights others. He speaks to the world from his invisible pulpit, hiding behind a curtain of anonymity that safely disguises his personality from the prying eyes of critics and fans alike. Without a public author presence, readers are forced to derive the identity of the author instead from the author's actual works. When searching for the identity of Pynchon, and indeed the notion of identity itself, the novels of Thomas Pynchon offer an interesting starting point. Questions of identity and meaning are shrouded beneath a veil of conspiracy in The Crying of Lot 49, Pynchon's second novel and his shortest. Throughout the novel there are snatches of hidden agendas and mysterious plans; it is a world run by Pierce Inverarity, a character who is dead when the novel opens yet remains an active presence throughout the work. This seems to fit Pynchon's situation rather nicely as the ghostly moderator of a tired world, leading his main character Oedipa Maas on a quest for meaning while blindly groping for clues about a conspiratorial mail system known only as the Trystero. Oedipa's quest echos the quest of everyone; she wishes for an identity that makes some sense within the framework of her world. Thomas Pynchon, by erasing himself from the public sphere, is questing for identity in his own right through his writings, letting Mrs. Maas do the searching for him. Little is known about Pynchon's life, and no one who knows him seems to be willing to add to the miniscule pile of information currently available about him. His most recent published photograph dates back to 1953. Beginning at the beginning, he was born on May 8, 1937 in Glen Cove, New York. He attended Cornell University and received a degree in English in 1959. He worked at Boeing Company in Seattle as a technical writer until his first novel V. appeared in 1963 (Gray 70). From that point onward, Pynchon vanished from the public eye. Information about any part of Pynchon's life after V.

Why Cosmetology

I haven't had an actual job related to this career, other than doing freelance Jobs when asked to. It is because of the freelance work Vive done that I decided to take this career path for now. I thought to myself, why not make more money off something I do already anyway? Like Jessica, from Real Stories, I have changed my mind a lot about the kind of career I want to. One thing I am sure of now though Is that I don't want to be a cosmetologist for the rest of my life.I can definitely see myself In a Job that Is unrelated to Cosmetology. My goal Is to make a change in people's lives, and I feel Like this Is one way of doing that. If making people feel better about their appearance gives them self-confidence, I have done my lob. This relates to the career I actually want which Is to be a Youth Probation Officer because I want to make a change In young people at an early age. A cosmetologist and a probation officer are two completely different careers, but when you really hint about it they both try and make an impact in people's lives.I am sometimes concerned that I will go through what Jessica from Real Stories went through. I am scared that the career I want is nothing like what I expected. If I were Jessica I would have done more research on the work environment of the job. Online research is always good, but there is nothing like interviewing someone that is exactly where you want to be. They have been there and can tell you exactly what to expect. We should always have options in life.I personally get bored of the same routine. This could affect my decision of the career I want in the long run. So, I think it is a good idea to attend graduate school to expand our options. We never know how a job really is until we actually start working it. It doesn't matter the amount of research we do on a specific career because everyone's experience is different. We are individuals, and some might love it and others might hate it. We should always have options and be pr epared.

Comparing Updikes AP and Joyces Araby Essay - 1336 Words

Comparing Updikes A P and Joyces Araby John Updikes A P and James Joyces Araby share many of the same literary traits. The primary focus of the two stories revolves around a young man who is compelled to decipher the difference between cruel reality and the fantasies of romance that play in his head. That the man does, indeed, discover the difference is what sets him off into emotional collapse. One of the main similarities between the two stories is the fact that the main character, who is also the protagonist, has built up incredible, yet unrealistic, expectations of women, having focused upon one in particular towards which he places all his unrequited affection. The expectation these men hold when finally face†¦show more content†¦Both stories delve into the unstable psyche of a young man who is faced with one of lifes most difficult lessons: that things are not always as they appear to be. Telling the tale as a way of looking back on his life, the protagonist allows the reader to follow his lifes lessons as they are learned, imparting upon the audience all the emotional pain and suffering endured for each one. The primary focal point is the young mans love for a completely unattainable girl who unknowingly riles the man into such a sexual and emotional frenzy that he begins to confuse sexual impulses for those of honor and chivalry (Wells, 1993, p. 127). It is this very situation of self-deception upon which both stories concentrate that brings the young man to his emotional knees as he is forced to compensate for the emptiness and longing in the young boys life (Norris 309). As much as Updikes rendition is different from Joyces original work, the two pieces are as closely related as any literary writings can be. Specifically addressing details, it can be argued that Updike missed no opportunity to fashion A P as much after Araby as possible. For example, one aspect of womanhood that fascinates and intrigues both young men is the whiteness of the girls skin. This explicit detail is n ot to be taken lightly in either piece, for the implication is integral to the other important story elements, particularly as they deal with female obsession. FocusingShow MoreRelatedThe Stages of Maturation in James Joyce’s Araby John Updikes AP from the Authors Perspective902 Words   |  4 PagesWhen comparing the views of both James Joyce and John Updike on maturation from adolescence to adulthood it will be important to continually compare two of their similar works in Joyce’s â€Å"Araby† and Updike’s â€Å"AP†. James Joyce and John Updike follow similar views with the latter using Joyce as a foundation and following in similar footsteps; both authors follow a process of maturation based on the allure of love, while doing it at different stages of each of the protagonists’ lives resulting in similarRead MoreHow Cultural Expectations Affect Both Men And Women1264 Words   |  6 PagesDivergent series’ respectively, some autho rs take a more realistic approach. James Joyce’s unnamed narrator in his short story Araby and John Updike’s Sammy from AP are both affected by the gender roles in an unorthodox way that shows how cultural expectations affect both men and women. Both characters used the opposite sex as an escape from their current realities, but are disappointed in the end. In AP, John Updike’s character experiences firsthand the negative effect of society’s expectations of