Biological psychology essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Biological psychology - Essay Example Seeing is a process which enables a person to see things of this world around him/her. To see is a natural God gifted phenomenon. One gets benefits and enjoys the environment. During this phenomenon, the patterns of light are projected on our retinas by the objects. From the scientific view, vision is a complex process. The image is encoded in the retina. The retina goes through some important processes and then reaches to the stage of recognizing an object or personality or anything else. Actually it is the object that reflects light from its background and the luminant boundaries in the retinal image are formed. This is a useful starting point in the spatial vision and is performed by an important group of retinal cells, the ganglion cells. (Jenkin, 1994) Spatial vision is that branch of psychology/biology that deals with the study of interpretation of light patterns on the retina by the visual system. This is a new interdisciplinary approach and is also called as vision sciences. This field of science integrates psychological, computational, neuro-scientific perceptions and the visual brain knowledge. Rods and cons of the eye are photoreceptor in nature and transduce light into electrical impulses inside our nerve fibers. Both types of cells are interdependent to each other. Not only a discrete area of human cognition is involved in spatial vision, but various other areas are also taking part in this two sided/faceted relation. The spatial perception influences and is influenced. (DeValois & Russell L., 1990) The field of visually perceived space introduces the knowledge of scientific psychology. In the current era, its importance is at a great rise. A keen interest is being shown by the biologists and psychologists. They are busy conducting an active research in this most important scientific knowledge. The visual space is usually described in terms of conscious experiences. Wagner (2006) stated that visual space is exposed by

Canadas Victory in the Battle of Vimy Ridge

Canadas Victory in the Battle of Vimy Ridge Canada entered World War One as another country considered to be part of the British colony, and left it with a refined sense of nationalism that would finally lead to the end of Britains authority over Canada. The Canadian victory in Vimy ridge brought Canada a sense of pride. Womens active role in Canada during World War One changed the views of many Canadians in a positive way. Canadas achievements during the Great World War made Canadians have more love and loyalty to their country. Men and women had battled relentlessly during World War One and earned great respect from their country, which caused the increase of Canadian nationalism. Canadas involvement and victory in the battle of Vimy Ridge changed the views of many Canadians and it brought them a greater sense of nationalism. Historians have said Canadian nationalism was born atop the Vimy Ridge in the northern France on April 9, 1917, when the 100,000- strong Canadian corps claimed a strategic prize from the Germans near Arras, France that other allies had failed to capture. [1]After Canada conquered Vimy ridge, Canada was the first allied force that achieved a victory against the Germans. Canadian troops from then on gained the reputation of being tough, courageous, and successful fighters. Their outstanding achievement in the battle of Vimy ridge is what brought them a sense of pride. The feeling of empowerment and respect from other nations is what enhanced Canadian nationalism during and after the Great World War. Canadas achievements in the battle of Vimy Ridge brought a great sense of accomplishment to many Canadians. The victory at Vimy, won by troops from every part of the country, helped unite many Canadians in pride at the courage of their citizen-soldiers, and established a feeling of real nationhood.[2]During the battle of Vimy Ridge, it was the first time all Canadians fought together in a combined force. This encouraged troops to come together as one nation and work as a team to defeat the Germans at Vimy Ridge and is what helped unite many Canadians in a sense of greatness and pride. This is what made Canada considered an independent nation and that is what contributed to the increase of Canadian nationalism. The outlook of many Canadians changed as the success and victory of the battle of Vimy Ridge had brought them a better sense of nationalism. It is difficult to avoid the conclusion that if Vimy Ridge had been captured by a British or French formation instead of the Canadian Corps, this action would not enjoy its current celebrity, Sheffield writes.Vimy Ridge resonates largely because of its role in the growth of Canadian nationalism. [3]Canadians after the success of Vimy Ridge believed that they could stand on their own two feet and fight for them selves without the help of Britain or other allied nations. This proved Canada was a strong country and an independent one too. This in turn is what made Canada have a greater sense of devotion to its country. The role of women in Canada during World War One changed the perspective of many Canadians and increased their sense of nationalism. Women were an essential component of the Canadian war effort and their efforts on the home front, in factories as well as on the battlefront were important to a successful outcome.[4]During World War One woman were called on by necessity to do work and take on roles that were outside their traditional expectations. They became an important part of Canadian society, and became more valued by the people of Canada. This wasnt considered the norm back in the day for women to be doing things like that. By Canada encouraging women to be involved in helping out in the war and at the home front, more Canadians have a greater sense of nationalism because they feel like their treating women with more respect. Canadian women performed no less than men did during the Great War. Many Canadian women worked in factories. Their contribution to the war showed that women had great courage and could do the same things the men could do. [5] Women moved into the labor force to do the jobs of men so that they can earn a living, help out the country and the men fighting over seas. This increased nationalism in Canada because Women had gained more rights and had a more active role in the society, which brought Canada closer to its national identity. Womens significant contribution to the Canadian war effort showed Canada had different beliefs from other nations. The Great War dramatically changed the lives of women in Canada. Womens active roles during world war one brought a better sense of pride to the country, which set Canada aside from other nations. [6] The Canadian women that help out during the war years changed the way Canadians felt about its country. Women were treated with a little more respect than before and had the opportunity to be apart of the work force which was different from what the world was used to. The womens active roles during The Great World War changed the views of many Canadians in a positive aspect which set aside Canada from the rest of the world. Canadas achievements on the battleground demonstrably promoted Canadian nationalism. One of the battles in which Canada fought courageously and determinedly was the battle of Ypres. Commander of the Second British Army, General Smith Dorrien said No words Could Be kinder or full of praise. The whole army realized that it was only the gallant actions of the Canadians that saved Ypres: otherwise one the greatest disasters in history of the British Army might have occurred.[7] Canadas involvement in the battle of Ypres changed the way many Canadians felt about their country and brought them a better sense of nationalism. When the Canadian army won the battle of Ypres using unreliable artillery (Ross riffles) its showed that Canadians could make due with what they have and win a battle no matter what the circumstances are. Canadas effort in the battle of Ypres changed the way Canadians felt about its country in a positive way. The accomplishments on the battle field increased Canadian nationalism; one of the battles was the battle of Somme which got Canada a new reputation of being known as storm troopers. War correspondent, Phillip Gibbs said The Canadians have gained great glory by their attack. Though swept by machine guns, and meeting stubborn defence, they carried a stronghold and captured hundreds of prisoners. The full story of the Canadian victory will thrill the great Dominion like a heroic song. They were careless of death, so they might win[8] During the battle of the Somme Canadian soldiers got the glorious reputation of being called storm troopers because of their restlessness on the battlefields. Although they were not victorious in defeating the Germans it showed that Canada had some clever tactic such as over the top, (which was when armed forces climbed over the trenches and advanced over the enemy) to attempt to defeat the Germans. The effort of the Canadian soldiers during the battle of the Somme showed Canadas capabilities and potentials in war which enhanced Canadian pride and devotion. The Most bloodiest battle in which Canadians fought in was the battle of Passchendaele. It was one of the most historical and successful battles of Word War One for Canadians although they were not successful in the battle. General Haig said proudly The Canadian have performed superbly, maintaining their spirit and pursuing their objectives in the face of overwhelming odds. They have defined the Passchendaele mud. [9] As the Passchendaele mud was a hard obstacle, the Canadians refused to back down and with spirit they charged forward concurring their goals as well as facing the great unlikely hood of survival. This showed the Canada had mental stability and no matter what the conditions were on the battlefield, they were always determined to win and this is what lead to Canadian nationalism because Canadians to be part of a country that is known to be great and outstanding fighter. During the First World War both men and women had battled courageously, weather it being on the battlefields or on the home front, thus increased Canadian nationalism. Canadas victory in the battle of Vimy ridge increased the positive views of many Canadians. Canadian regarded the active role of women in a positive manner which reflected the increase of nationalism during World War One. Canadas great accomplishments during the Great World War increased Canadas love and patriotism to its country. World War One, as many other events has made a great impact on the increase of Canadian. Birth of nationalism. CTV new report [Electronic Bulletin board]. April 2007- [cited 11 October 2009]. Available form [emailprotected] http://www.ctv.ca/servlet/ArticleNews/story/CTVNews/20070402/vimy_90years_070402/ The capture of Vimy Ridge. Veterans Affair Canada [electronic bulletin board]. September 1998- [cited October 1 2009]. Available form [emailprotected] http://www.vacacc.gc.ca/remembers/sub.cfm?source=history/firstwar/vimy/vimy5 Vimy Ridge Status in Canadian History Canada.com [electronic bulletin board]. 2001-[cited October 7 2009]. Available form [emailprotected] http://www.canada.com/topics/news/story.html? id=ccaca4a5-12a7-4b8c-b6a1-9c6469411fd1k=20506 Pat Station, Canadian Women and World War One (Toronto: Green Dragon Press, 2006), 15. Pat Station, Canadian Women and World War One (Toronto: Green Dragon Press, 2006), 31 A.G. Smith and Robert Livesey, Discovering Canada: The Great war(Markham, Ontario: Fitzhenry and Whiteside,2006),36 G.W. Larkin and J.P. Matersky, Canada in the Twentieth Century World War 1(Markham, Ontario: Fitzhenry Whiteside, 1987),18 G.W. Larkin and J.P. Matersky, Canada in the Twentieth Century World War 1(Markham, Ontario: Fitzhenry Whiteside, 1987),23 Kathryn M. Bindon, More Than Patriotism( Toronto: Thomas Nelson Sons Limited, 1979), 121

stress and law enforcement Essays -- essays research papers

Management and Dealing with Stress in Officers   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It is important that law enforcement officers are able to handle stress and build his or her zone of stability. Officers have a ready-made support system in each other. They better understand the special problems and feelings that come with the job that friends and family members don’t. That doesn’t necessarily mean that this relationship with their fellow officers will cure all. Sometimes, because of the â€Å"macho† image that police officers uphold, they will give back negative feedback in a situation where an officer needs comfort. For example, an officer shoots someone in the line of duty and is having an emotional struggle with it, and a fellow officer (who thinks he is supporting that officer) makes a comment like, â€Å"Good job, that dirt bag deserves it.† In a situation like that, a fellow officer feels worse and more stressed. It is very important for management, whether police or correctional, to make sure that they can prop erly help out their officers when needed. There are many things that happen on the streets and in prison that can severely effect an officer. It is only with a good management system and staff that officers will have the proper support to move on.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A major stressor is when a law enforcement officer must deal with death. No one is mentally or emotionally prepared to deal with death. When a law enforcement officer has to notify the next of kin, they must pass through stages of notification. The first stage is to prepare by creating a self-protecting sense of social distance for the officer. An experienced officer will be more concerned with containing the emotions of the recipient rather than their concern for how they will cope. The next stage is the delivery. It only takes a few seconds to deliver the news, and the officer will use their badge, uniform, and the formality of the delivery as a way to protect him/herself from this personal situation (Looney & Windsor 1982). Dealing with the pain that you see in other people is a major adjustment. It will take time and experience for a law enforcement officer to cope with this aspect of the job.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The most traumatic event in a law enforcement officer’s job is dealing emotionally with the involvement in a shutting incident. Officers may suffer from pos... ...lp make a team run smoothly and efficiently. Support must always be shown from management to it’s officers. Reducing stress in officers can effectively help the team run better. Especially in times of need, like death, management needs to step up and use the techniques they have been trained to safely help their officers in troubled times. With a management that can properly help out their team, the team can move on and run efficiently and effectively. When officers need help with an aspect of the job emotionally, and management can step in to help, the officer will feel better knowing that management is on their side and that they are based one hundred percent. A good management can make the difference between and O.K. team and an outstanding team. References Jacobson, Edmund (1978). You Must Relax. New York; McGraw Hill. Looney, H. & J. L. Windsor. (1982) Death Notification: Some Recommendations. The Police Chief. March, page 30-31. Solomon, R. M. (1988). Post-Traumatic Trauma. The Police Chief. October, page 40-44. Solomon, R. M. (1990). Administrative Guidelines for Dealing with Officers involved in on-duty shooting situations. The Police Chief. February, page 40.

Classical Humanism in Art

5) Classical Humanism in Art Juxtapose two or more works from this period which you feel are illustrative of the renewed interest and enthusiasm for/reinvention of classical humanism. Describe the works in detail, discuss their internal symbols and larger social, cultural and political significances re attitudes to classical humanism C15 Italy Humanism intro Renaissance patrons understood the power of imagery and used it to extent their fame Courts throughout Italy were thriving centers of artistic activity and vied with each other for prominent humanist scientists, writers, architects,painters and sculptors Humanist subjects were taught in schools. The most enlightened renaissance popes encouraged the humanist assimilation of ancient greek and roman philosophies into their own Christian faith Inspired by the ideas in ancient greek and roman texts, which confirmed their new intellectual and scientific interests in understanding the world The praise of the deeds of great figures from antiquity that the humanists found in roman and greek texts supported the notions of pride and fame that were becoming important in a society whose major figures were successful business entrepreneurs and bankers Sought to supplement faith by insisting on the dignity of the individual and human potential for achievement Gave art and artist a new dignity and opened the way for a new level of literary discussions on art Natural observation –an important feature Expanding middle class, new types of art were commissioned by individuals to adorn their private town houses of country villas The dignity of the individual and new selfconsciousness promoted by e Italian humanists had an important influence on attitudes about artists Renaissance artists were viewed as trained intellectuals versed in the classics and geometry Artists became famous Began to create self portaits, a sure indication of theit new status Artists and workshops received a variety of secular and religious commissions Rulers continued to employ works of art for the traditional purposes of exalting and consolidating their power Rulers often commissioned portraits POLITICAL he humanists created, or recreated a structure of values different from that on which medieval ideals of chivalry and nobility were based. humanism was nurtured in the italian city-states, with their republican (not clerical or aristocratic) govts. , epitomized the new ideals of self-reliance and civic virtue - civic and mundane, not chivalric or contemplative. SOCIAL & CULTURAL the growth and spread of humanism is pre-eminent in the intellectual history of the fifteenth century but its r/s with the visual arts is complex and sometimes ambiguous. dontello's statues exhibit a dignity and realism. his works embodied the new ideal man of the renaissance and showed people as self-determined individuals, powerful and intellectually alive.

Hawthorne’s Typical Females Essay

Hawthorne’s stories talks a lot about human evil deeds and nature. Several of the themes are parables or allegorical depiction of human nature. Many readers believes that his stories posses morals which represents the culture and traditions during his time. Others consider his approach as sublimely misogynistic due to his portrayal of woman. This paper ought to present an analysis of Hawthorne’s stories. This includes ‘The Minister’s Black veil’, â€Å"Young Goodman Brown’ and ‘The Birthmark’. It involves a critical analysis of the themes and the plot of the stories centering on the presentation of women or female characters in the stories. Also, a high regards on the prevalent culture and traditions during the period when the stories were written will also be analyze to provide a brief history or background as to how the author come up with such ideas. Hawthorne Former American Literature prior to Hawthorne’s stories represents woman or female characters as innocent or as mothers caring, gentle and kind. In this regards one can assume that women are viewed and treated as weak, emotional, understanding and naive (Amoia, 1998). Some even viewed woman as threats which is depicted by Eve. Others discard women as simply unimportant. In literature they almost always play the role of supporting characters if not servants. This mirrors the typical view of woman during Hawthorne’s childhood. Men view woman to be inferior. Nonetheless such outlook does not affect Hawthorne’s judgment. Some scholars believe that this is due to the fact he grows up without a father. Living his whole life with woman around him, helping and caring for him (Amoia, 1998). Ideas common during the time revolves also with equality of men and women as expressed by Rousseau and his followers. In literature, women are always seen as witness of a crime or victims. Hawthorne’s stories tries to remove this stereotypical female function by creating female characters that serves as men’s companions rather than their servants. There is also emphasis given on men’s fear of woman as the main theme of his writings. Such conclusions are made not through observation but by experience. One should also note that most of Hawthorne’s writings create an impact of social deviation. As he tries to include his main theme in his stories, he also tries to cover it with the disastrous result of human sins or of evil. His writings primarily describe the Puritan way of life and the culture in America most specifically in Salem, which is his home town. In reading Hawthorne’s short stories, one would come across a prevailing plot of man’s failure or loss of power. Power can then be considered as the central idea where Hawthorne’s writings revolve. Men are rendered as powerful, women are displayed as weak. Such denotations stagger with Hawthorne’s persistent referral to women’s control of life. Young Goodman Brown In the ‘Young Goodman Brown’, Hawthorne portrays a man who is innocent about evil. Thus, Goodman Brown is a character who does not know about his mistakes or sins. Faith is Goodman’s wife, which also symbolizes Goodman’s faith in general with reference to life and God. The discovery of treachery or unfaithfulness of Faith leaves Goodman with doubts and a stereotypical female figure similar to Eve. Goodman’s view of Faith as a loving, spiritual wife changes into a whore-like woman similar to most women he knows. In this regards it seems that Hawthorne tries to dissect the usual marital relationship by magnifying man’s common notion of woman. This being woman along with sex and all other things which they represent are tools or apparatus which the devil uses to fool men. It seems that this perspective thrives on men’s mind for as early and as long as the story of Adam and Eve exists. The Christian religion creates the idea and practice of sexual intercourse as something unnatural and must be done, privately between husband and wife. Thus as can be seen in the story of Goodman Brown, the belief in such dogma led him to think that sex is unnatural. Hawthorne gives the reader the view about sex as something that degrades woman for eternity making it a sin. The Minister’s Black Veil The next story which also describes man and woman marital relationship is ‘The Minister’s Black Veil’. Although the focus of the story seems to revolve around Mr. Hooper and his black veil, the reader/s cannot miss the part wherein Mr. Hooper had a talk with Elizabeth. Elizabeth is Mr. Hooper’s fiancee in the story (Stearns). She is a good woman and their relationship is good up until Mr. Hooper starts to wear the black veil. The conversation between Elizabeth and Mr. Hooper is a confrontation regarding the wearing of the veil and the reason for it. To everyone it seems that the veil symbolizes something close to a secret sin. Hawthorne makes the female character looks good or nice while male characters are displayed with evilness. In this particular story, the male character appears deviant not only to the citizens but to the church as well. The wearing of the veil seems to symbolize a secret sin indeed. Nonetheless, if one would read the story in light of the female’s role, one will see that the veil actually prevents the marriage between Mr. Hooper and Elizabeth (Stearns). In first reading one may regard Elizabeth to be inconsiderate. Mr. Hooper even begs her to stay. But upon reading the conversation again, one will see that the smiles of Mr. Hooper symbolize success or the triumph to stay away from Elizabeth. This is in line with the celibacy rule of the church. Hawthorne seems to make his reader consider the fact that celibacy is but a form a male expression of dominance over women. Everyone in the town believes that the veil that the minister wears symbolizes sin and evil. Hawthorne uses this symbolism to define the norms and the way people think in that town. The story ends with Mr. Hooper telling the people that it is fine if such veil represents sins, nonetheless his sins are covered unlike their sins which are revealed. Hatred of woman seems to be obvious in the first few paragraphs of the story. There are consistent referrals on bachelors attending the sermon. The minister needs to attend the funeral of a young lady and the wife who does not want to eat with the minister. With celibacy as a form of excluding woman to a specific male sphere, misogyny is brightly illuminated. With celibacy man has triumph to exclude woman from the power vested upon them by God. Inventions or the proliferation of such conventions still exist nowadays with the same purpose but with less effect. Hawthorne makes it explicit that the veil does create a barrier that grabs away the possibility of woman entering the Minister’s life. Hawthorne assists his readers to generate the idea that the veil generates ‘power’. When he explains how the veil functions on his sermons and how the veil makes the Minister look more authoritative, it crates the impression that a veil signifies power and/or control. The Birthmark This addictive stance of man towards power was moreover expounded on Hawthorne’s ‘The Birthmark’. In this story Hawthorne creates a man of genius, depriving from the usual religious role. Hawthorne manages to construct a character which is a ‘man of science’. Such man has dedicated all his life to the pursuit of Utopia and/or perfection that by which demonstrated through the man’s persistence to out do Mother Nature. The female figure in the story is Georgiana whom the author describes to be almost perfect. Such descriptions of perfection compose physical appearance which must be flawless and fair. This type of ‘beauty myth’ is something that exists during Hawthorne’s era up until today. This idea of beauty has successfully controlled women over the years. It defines woman’s status and possibilities in life. Another thing that is prominent in Hawthorne’s depiction of Georgiana was her submission to her husband’s wishes. The thought of her letting him do whatever he thinks to be applicable and best for her even if it means her own death. This sacrifice seems to explore the subjectivity of woman to men’s choices and women’s submission to men’s control. The story also depicts the profound way that men ‘disguise themselves’ as someone ‘not emotional’ concealing their true selves with a facade of illusions and self-deceptions. In the story, Aylmer conceal his emotional side by being a ‘man of science’ having the ‘genius’ to even try to counter nature. Although all of his experiments landed as failures, his display of objective knowledge gives him a higher authority or power over his wife. This is evident in the way by which the story ended, with his wife, Georgina submitting to his wants even at the costs of her death. The hatred of woman evident in the story as discussed by Fetterley covers man’s attempts to capture the power that both nature and woman share in common, the power to create. Such power is not available to men making him feel inferior. Fetterley also argues that the story provides insights on man’s ability to disguise ‘hatred as love, murder as idealization and failure as successes’. In this regard, I believe that Fetterley is right in her reading of the story. Man is indeed capable of masking himself with another identity apart from which he really is and what he really intends as can be seen on Aylmer’s vision of success marked by an inescapable failure, for his attempt to win over nature only led to a creation of death. Apparently, this creates an image that Aylmer is someone who would do anything to exceed nature and woman, even at the cost of death to prove his success. When Fetterley accounts that female was envisioned as ‘hideous and unnatural’ in the story, she mentioned the ‘cult of female beauty’ which create an idealization of women that makes her look ‘monstrous’ in her natural form. Women were portrayed to be hated on their natural form, just as in the story, when a birthmark represents an imperfection, a thing that may cause her to be hated and thus needs a remedy, which she will be wiling to accept even in expense of her own life. Fetterley showed that man posses such power over women that he can dictate and influence her outlook, he can even manage and control her life to his liking, making her a possession or a thing that owned by him. Deviation of Female Characters Georgiana deviates from the typical female character the most. She is someone who succumbs to the wishes of her husband as if she is a ‘lab mice’. Although she sees the blatant failures he committed in the past, she still worships his genius. At the face of death she still looks forward for his triumph. The other female character such as in the case of Elizabeth managed to leave her husband while Faith at least did not display such display of subjectivity. Elizabeth on the other hand deviates from Georgiana and Faith in the sense that she left her husband instead of standing by his side, which is the typical nature of Hawthorne’s female character. Female characters are always support characters but take the role as fire starters. It seems that they are the reason or is partially responsible for the actions made by their husbands. The male characters are displayed with an inclination towards evil. The woman are displayed innocent but it is implicitly shown that they are just doing what a good woman should do and how they should act in a society. At the least, plain reading of Hawthorne’s literature would create an image of woman as reason’s for male’s failure, an image that is common during their time. But thorough reading would guide the reader to the courage an power that woman posses and men lacks. Conclusion All in all, the writings of Hawthorne hold high respect for woman. Although it somehow discusses and depicts hatred of woman, it is quite obvious that it is not the authors purpose to promote such hatred. Instead the misogyny is elaborated to be able to present man’s cowardice and insecurity with respect to woman. It also present the different ways by which man tries to grab the power from woman by making them feel subordinates or looking down at them. Finally, Hawthorne creates female characters which display the typical female in his era. They do not argue with man as much as woman of today do however the way that men sees and/or treat woman stays the same. This might be rooted in the fact that women does not only permit men to treat them as subordinates and or objects but also encourage them. Work Cited Amoia, A. , Hawthorne’s Rome: Then and Now, Nathaniel Hawthorne Review. 1998. Fetterley, J. The Resisting Reader: A Feminist Approach to American Fiction. Indiana University Press. 1981. Stearns, F. The life and genius of Nathaniel Hawthorne. Wineapple, B. Hawthorne: A Life.. 2004. PagebyPageBooks. com. NAtaniel Hawthorne. Retrieved on April 18, 2008, from http://www. pagebypagebooks. com/Nathaniel_Hawthorne/

Siamois, Goosecoid, and axis essays

Siamois, Goosecoid, and axis essays Axis formation is established very early in the development of vertebrates. Much research has been done in this area, especially with Xenopus, and the consensus is that the dorsal lip plays a key role in establishing the dorsal-ventral and anterior-posterior axes and organizing the develoment of the organism. Pioneering experiments were done by Spemann and Mangold in the 1920's: by transplanting a dorsal lip from one embryo to a point opposite the native dorsal lip on a second embryo, they were able to induce the formation of a second notochord and most of a complete second organism in the manner of a siamese twin. The paper the two published summarized thusly: A piece of the upper blastoporal lip of an amphibian embryo undergoing gastrulation exerts an organizing effect on its environment in such a way that, if transplanted to an indifferent region of another embryo, it causes there the formation of a secondary embryonic anlage. Such a piece can therefore be designated as an organizer. The homeobox gene which is implicated in this activity is known as siamois. A second homeobox gene, goosecoid, was later implicated in the formation of the a-p axis, and both genes are regulated at least indirectly by the $-catenin protein, which is a component of the Wnt signaling pathway. This paper will attempt to explain the relationship among these genes and gene products and summarize the current research in the field. The dorsal lip originates in the grey crescent, a segment of the egg which forms opposite the sperm entry point (SEP) through a 30E subcortical rotation of the cytoplasm with respect to the cortex. This rotation, which is driven by a basketwork of microtubules at the vegetal side, is the actual establishment of the dorsoventral axis, but proper head and tail structures will not emerge without the organizers influence. The pathway begins with the accumulation of $-catenin in the dorsal blastomeres...

The Education System Essay Example

The Education System Essay Example The Education System Essay The Education System Essay Essay Topic: Education This point has caused one of the main criticisms of looking at cultural deprivation as the reason for working class underachievement. Critics have argued that working class parents seem less interested and less encouraging because of their situation and circumstances. They want to show their children what life is like realistically for the working class, that high occupational status is a dream. Another criticism of cultural deprivation has been by those who feel that material factors are more important. These critics are structuralists, and think that it is important to focus on what parents can provide materialistically that would encourage their children to do better at school, for example a quiet room for homework and appropriate books. If there is not enough money for books, the student has to get a part-time job which is likely to result in less time spent on schoolwork, thus not doing well in exams. There are other critics of cultural deprivation who feel it is important to look at factors of the school which affect the performance of different social class students. For example, there are subcultures (anti-social, anti-school) which working class students are more likely to be drawn into, and so their educational performance is obviously affected. The next explanation was a criticism of the last one material deprivation, or material factors. These theorists believe the students homes background influences and affects them the most. This is very much a structuralist view. The argument is that working class parents cannot afford the materials necessary for their children to do well. The children are likely to share bedrooms with other siblings and dont have a quiet place for study, and my have to get a part-time job if their parents are not financially secure. Working class parents are also less likely to be able to attend parents meetings because they have a clash of time with work. Working class students are less likely to continue to higher education because their parents simply cannot afford tuition fees and the extra necessities of university. All these negative aspects of material deprivation are why many sociologists argue that material factors are why working class students are relative failures in the education system. However, as with inheritance and heredity, and cultural deprivation, material factors have also been criticised. Those who do not believe in material deprivation focus more on in school factors and how these affect performance. They argue it is more important to look at how the school can provide materialistically, but overriding this, culturally. For example, they look at the dominant culture and value system of teachers. In school, teachers have authority and students of working class, in particular, feel intimidated and do not want to do well. This often results in a case of teacher versus student values debate. Where the teacher may encourage the benefits of education, the student may feel that the teachers authority and nagging is discouraging. There are many other in school factors that sociologists have put forward, which became the next explanation interpretivist arguments. The interpretivist explanation for working class underachievement focuses on in school factors. They believe there are many things that happen inside school which prevent working class students performing as well as middle class students. One of these factors is subcultures, both anti-school and anti-social. Working class students find themselves easily drawn into these subcultures, often with excuses such as the teachers picking on me so Im not going to his/her lesson. Peer pressure is also a major issue in anti-school subcultures. When one student decides that school isnt for them and does not attend, they need somebody or several fellow students to truant with. Students who may have previously conformed do not want to be left out and join the anti-school feeling. Two important in school factors of the interpretivist argument are teacher labelling and streaming. Labelling is where a teacher prejudges a working class student, labelling them as useless, thus giving middle class students more attention and support. This drives working class students away in anti-school subcultures and holds them back from educational success. Streaming is where students are split and taught in groups of their perceived ability. David Hargreaves, an interactionist, claimed streaming created an increased amount of feeling inferior as lower stream boys progress to more mature ages. This affects how they feel towards education and more than often results in poor exam performance. As older students feel inferior and join anti-school subcultures, younger students find themselves without role models and in turn feel anti-school. Both labelling and streaming involve teachers stereotyping students of all social classes, which can lead to discrimination, e. g. sexism and racism. Again, interpretivists have also found themselves being criticised for their views. The critics are structuralists who feel it is more important to look at out of school factors and the students home background, in other words material and mainly cultural factors at home. Focuses are on things such as the values of and attitudes to education at home, and religious and cultural values. Critics argue that parents of working class students have very different values and attitudes to education than middle class parents. For example, working class parents may find it important to emphasise survival as key in their childrens futures, whereas middle class parents could believe in encouraging their children to aim as high as possible and achieve all they possibly can. Religious and cultural values are also important in the structuralist view. Where features of religion may interfere with how students are taught, their parents may choose to pull them out of the education system. A current example of this is the banning of the Muslim scarf in French schools. It is a vital aspect of Islam for females to wear a scarf, so where I has been banned, huge protests have been held and many Muslim parents have taken their children somewhere Islam can be practised and the children can be educated. Critics of interpretivists also think peer pressure in the area where the student lives is important. If there is an anti-school subculture in the area, the student is extremely likely to be a part of it as it its where they spend most of their time. As time has passed, each of the explanations offered for working class underachievement have become more developed, and have also faced more criticism. The first sociologists to look into this issue believe intelligence is inherited and measurable, and middle class parents are generally more intelligent. They also believe in IQ tests and think they are an excellent way of measuring intelligence. However, there are opponents to this suggestion who believe IQ tests are unfair and cannot be used to test member of different social classes and people of subcultures within social classes and ethnic groups. There are many weaknesses and not many strengths to the argument of inheritance and heredity. Though the sociologists argue that intelligence is inherited from parents, there has not been a study to prove that this is so, i. e. no evidence has been provided to back up this idea. They do, on the other hand, not deny that there are less intelligent middle class students and more intelligent working class children. I agree with the critics who claim that IQ tests are unfair because when an IQ test is created, it will in some way be biased to a certain group (usually the middle class). There would be questions on the test that working class children would not be familiar with, thus failing to perform well and being labelled unintelligent. This is an extremely unfair way to explain why working class students are relative failures in the education system. Cultural deprivation was offered by those sociologists who felt working class children were brought up in a culture where people around them placed a lower value on education and where their parents were much less interested in their schooling than middle class parents. I agree with the critics who say that it is unfair to say working class parents are uninterested in their childrens education because it is their circumstances that put them in that position. A weakness of this argument is that although a researcher may have looked into a working class family and found that their argument was proven correct, not all working class families are this way and many do encourage academic success. As a reason for working class underachievement, cultural factors are important to look at but do not apply to all working class families. The sociologists who argue that material deprivation at home is the cause for working class underachievement have a strong argument. They claim that working class parents are unable to afford the materialistic requirements of school and that this forces their children to fall behind and perform badly. Though this is a very valid argument, it is important to look at other factors as well as materialistic factors at home. For example, material and cultural factors at school are equally important, and should all be taken into consideration. The interpretivist argument focused on in school factors and how these affected the performance of students. The sociologists looked at things such as anti-school subcultures and teacher labelling and streaming. Like the sociologists who agree with material factors, interpretivists fail to look at other factors. They see in school factors as the sole reason for working class underachievement, which is not correct. Though it is also a valid argument like material deprivation, it should not be forgotten that the home background of a student is equally important to look at as well as the state of the school. I think that inheritance and heredity do not cause working class underachievement, but that a combination of cultural and material factors both at home and at school cause working class students to be relative failures in the education system. Where each individual theory counts out the others as valid reasons, I think this is wrong and that all count equally towards working class underachievement.

How to Quit College and Drop Classes with Minimal Risk

How to Quit College and Drop Classes with Minimal Risk No one wants to quit college, but sometimes dropping out is the only option. Illness, family issues, financial problems, or other hardships may make it impossible to continue with your classes. When it comes to quitting college, there’s a right way and a wrong way to go about it. Don’t just stop showing up and turning in your assignments. The long-term consequences of a disappearing act may haunt you for years to come. Instead, use this time-tested advice: Talk to Your Teachers Depending on your situation, professors may be able to cut you a bit of slack and make it possible for you to have an extension on your work instead of dropping out. Many colleges allow professors to create a contract with students, allowing them up to a year to complete late assignments. This might give you enough time to resolve outside issues and still stay on track. Extensions are less likely at the beginning of the semester, but if you only have a few weeks or one big project left, there’s a good chance your teachers will show leniency. Meet with a Counselor If receiving an extension from your professors won’t work, college counselors can walk you through the steps necessary to withdraw from the university. Be sure to ask about any tuition and fees that you’ve paid. Will you receive the full amount or a prorated portion back? Will you be expected to pay back any ​financial aid or scholarships if you leave university? Does a hardship situation change the way the school treats cases like yours? Don’t take your name off the rolls until you have solid answers.​ Try to Get Away with a Clean Record Aside from getting an extension, the best thing you can do for your future college career is to make sure that your transcript stays spotless. If you simply stop going to class (or logging in to your assignments), you’ll probably receive an entire semester of F’s. That’s bad news if you ever want to come back to college, enroll in another school, or become a grad student. Recovering from a semester of F’s is extremely difficult, and your college may even put you on academic probation or suspension. You may not care now, but it could become a problem years down the road. If you’ve passed the deadline for a clean record, you may be able to get a special exception if you’re going through some sort of hardship. If That Doesn’t Work, Aim for a â€Å"W   If you cannot get away with a clean record, at least try to get a line of W’s on your transcript in place of failing grades. A â€Å"W† means â€Å"withdrawn.† While a lot of W’s may indicate unreliability on the student’s part, they generally have no effect on your GPA. Your transcript won’t be pretty, but it’s better than being put on academic probation or having difficulty re-enrolling in college. Ask About a Leave of Absence or Deferment Do you think you might want to return to college? If there’s any question in your mind, ask about a leave of absence or deferment before you withdraw from the university. Many schools have a program in place to allow students to leave for up to a year and return to the school without re-applying. There are programs designed specifically for hardship cases. There are generally also programs available for students that don’t have any extenuating circumstances. That means, if you want to drop out just to spend a year on the beach, you may be able to pick up classes a year from now without any penalty. Just make sure that you submit the papers before you leave; deferment doesn’t work in reverse.

Individual report Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Individual report - Assignment Example However in 1923 his son invented a new product called ‘Mars Milky Way’ bar, which was very well received. Between 1911 and 1932 the company was relocated a number of times until Forrest Mars established Mars Limited in the United Kingdom. Over time the company has expanded into different avenues and it operates in six different business segments; food, chocolate, pet care, drinks, confections and symbioscience1. The marketing strategy of Mars incorporated is one that is geared towards the success of an industry built on the ambitions of a man who ran the company with a fanatic dedication. The following description by Joel Glenn Brenner (the only reporter ever to interview him) of Mr. Mars in New York Times (1999) explains to some extent the reservoirs of commitment and dedication with which the company has been run. He stated that there was an extremist who got down to his knees, in a praying manner, and he prayed for all the candy brands like Milky Way, Snickers, and so on. By doing so, he aspired respect of his employees and their loyalties for attaining quality, showing his will to pay salaries thrice better than the competition offerings. A noticeable point is that the pay-checks at Mars, are linked to the output and performance of the business. Higher market penetration- Initially when the company was still starting out and had few competitors, expanding market base was also accompanied by an increase in the overall market growth which meant that the Mars market share also increased rapidly. Over the last couple of decades however, competitors such as Kraft and Hershey’s have acquired a dominant presence in the candy market. Mars and Hershey’s due to their dualistic domination of the confection industry have become known as the ‘Candy Kings’ of the chocolate world (New York Times, 1999). Having a lot in common, the two companies in the initial decades

The Success of the Management of Fork and Dagger Pub Essay - 33

The Success of the Management of Fork and Dagger Pub - Essay Example The fact that the business has existed for numerous years makes the renovations as proposed by Jason inevitable. Similarly, narrowing the business’ target market as proposed by Bradley would enhance its operations thus improving the profitability of the company. Mr. Lynch must, therefore, consider the possibility of consolidating the two approaches with the view of enhancing the longevity of the business and quelling the differences between his sons. Renovating the pub will place it in the modern society. The renovation will seek to satisfy the demands of the modern day customer. In renovating and expanding the pub, the management must consider the demands of the modern day customer thus safeguarding such features as convenient and comfortable. As stated earlier, renovating the pub is inevitable. This implies that Mr. Lynch and his two sons must determine the most appropriate ways of renovating the pub thus positioning the business strategy in the modern society. While doing this, the management must narrow the pub’s target market a feature that will enhance the management. In doing this, Mr. Lynch must consider the importance of diversity in enhancing the profitability and longevity of business in the contemporary market. In expanding and renovating the pub, Mr. Lynch can, therefore, develop a section of the pub and permit Bradley to customize it strategically for its LGBT target market. Jason should then manage the other section that targets the general consumer. This way, the business diversifies its services while safeguarding the peace and unity of the two siblings. Such is an appropriate approach that will serve as an effective marketing research and analysis tool that will provide the two sons with the most appropriate trends in the market thus enabling the two to change the structure of their business based on the response of the market.

Teaching and Learning Turkish in Cyprus Thesis Proposal

Teaching and Learning Turkish in Cyprus - Thesis Proposal Example The research will target at evaluating the trends and the suitability of the technological environment of the county as well as the appropriateness of learning/teaching Turkish in the country as a foreign or second language in the southern part of Cyprus; Limassol. To have reliable results both quantitative and qualitative research methodology will be applied. Among the latest action plans put in place by the European Union is (EU) is linguistic diversity and language learning within lifelong learning scope. Lifelong learning refers to all learning activities undertaken within someone’s life, with an objective of improving skills, competence, and knowledge within a civic, personal, and other perspectives related to employment. Around 200 semi-structured interviews should be conducted using qualitative and quantitative research methodologies. The participants will include university students, colleges’ students and other Turkish speakers living in Limassol. Over 1000 det ailed questionnaires should be formulated and later analyzed after data collection. A comparison should be made and the conclusion drawn basing the argument on the results. Observations should be carried out mainly on the attitude, behavior, and approach of the e-learning by students and teachers. Other observations should target impacts of other language education, challenges facing those offering the languages as well as the gaps in language education in the country. Following the country’s education curriculum, Turkish e-learning, open-learning, and distant learning institutions should be set up in the strategic regions. The location should be based on long-run effects as well as competition from other language institution. The establishment should be after the shortest time possible. Other factors to be considered are government regulations, security, and mission. The learning schedule should be ready by this time; e-learning protocol should be well designed with simplici ty to facilitate comprehension by any kind of student. Guidelines of who can apply or how can one apply should be laid down; there should be an offer to facilitate many applicants and quick establishment.

Disney World Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Disney World - Essay Example It was opened in October 1, 1971 and since than has added Epcot, Disney's Hollywood Studios and Disney's Animal Kingdom. The resort also consists of Typhoon Lagoon, Blizzard Beach, Disney's Boardwalk, Disney's Wide World of Sports Complex and Downtown Disney. However, Downtown Disney contains three parts, Marketplace, Pleasure Island, and West Side that embrace a lot of shopping, dining, and amusement locations. They include the Disney Quest indoor arcade, a House of Blues caf and club, a Planet Hollywood restaurant and a Cirque du Soleil drama plays. The CEO, Robert Iger, played a major role for Walt Disney Company. Robert Iger was born in New York. He completed his undergraduate studies at Ithaca College and started his career in media as a weatherman for a local television station. In 1973, he joined the American Broadcasting Company and progressively he got promoted during the following decades. The Walt Disney Company purchased ABC and renamed in ANC Inc., where Iger remained as a president till 1999. In the following year, Disney replaced Iger at the helm of Steve Bronstein and made him the president of Walt Disney International, the company that oversees Disney's international operations. However, the resort has a little aircraft landing strip located east of the Magic Kingdom parking lot.

Common Stock Valuation and Cost of Capital Case Study - 1

Common Stock Valuation and Cost of Capital - Case Study Example From the above calculations, this stock is selling at $30 that is below $33.50 based on its predictable future cash flows. Therefore, it is undervalued since its selling price is relatively below the intrinsic value. From investments point of view, the company is priced below its true value. For this reason, it is rewarding investing this company’s shares because its stocks have a high probability of appreciating, hence a good investment opportunity that guarantees capital gains. This strategy (value investing strategy) has worked out well for Marquette Inc. given that its portfolio has consistently outperformed others in the broader market. Chief Financial Officers whose stocks are undervalued are less likely to issues them because such companies operate below their true value, thus have to pay more dividends in the future (Clayman, et al., 2012). Second step involves calculation of the cost of equity. With information on cost of debt available, it is possible to apply capital asset pricing model (CAPM) to compute the cost of equity. This is arrived at as follows: The company’s return on assets falls short of its WACC. This is an indication that this company is declining in value. This will scare away potential investors who would preferably invest their resources elsewhere that offer promising returns.The first step is the computation of cost of debt. Cost of debt represents bond’s yield to maturity. From yield to maturity calculator, this value is 7.51%.Therefore, the after-tax cost of debt is equal to 7.51% Ãâ€" (1 – 0.40) = 4.506%.  The second step involves calculation of the cost of equity. With information on the cost of debt available, it is possible to apply capital asset pricing model (CAPM) to compute the cost of equity.The company’s return on assets falls short of its WACC. This is an indication that this company is declining in value. This will scare away potential investors who would preferably invest their resources elsewhere that offer promising returns. Such decline in the value of the firm, there fore, raises concern about the company’s ability to raise capital in the future.

Ive got some SPSS data (graphs and tables etc) can be found in a word Assignment

Ive got some SPSS data (graphs and tables etc) can be found in a word file named (the data) and need to be analysed and interpreted in the form of writing - Assignment Example The study is reduced to the involvement of only two ordinal variables and hence statistical designs using two-variables are only used to obtain results. It has to be mentioned that at the time of the original data collection, private schools had the reputation of being better and more progressive than state schools with respect to English teaching. The first research hypothesis intends to analyze the importance given by teachers to explain the meaning of new English words to students. That is, there is difference between state and private schools in the extent to which teachers explain the meaning of new words in English; specifically teachers will explain words in English more in the private school. The design involves only two independent groups and the dependent variable is the score or rating. The descriptive statistics (Table 1) shows that the study involved 108 students, 67 belonging to the state schools and 41 belonging to private schools. The average of the rating given by the private school students (0.5366) is greater than that of the public school students (0.4627). A frequency chart (Fig. 1) was produced to compare the ratings the given by the students between state and public schools on the extent to which teachers explain the meaning of new words in English. The least rating was 0 representing never and 3 representing always. It is noticed that nearly 40 students of the state schools claimed that their teachers never explained the meaning of the English words. Nearly 44 students of the private schools claimed that their teachers either never or seldom explained the meaning of the English words. Only 1 student agreed that the teachers always explained the meaning. The independent samples T test is used to test the equality of the above given averages. The Levene’s test also is used to find whether the assumption of homogeneity of variables is satisfied. Table 2 shows the results.

Common Stock Valuation and Cost of Capital Case Study - 1

Common Stock Valuation and Cost of Capital - Case Study Example From the above calculations, this stock is selling at $30 that is below $33.50 based on its predictable future cash flows. Therefore, it is undervalued since its selling price is relatively below the intrinsic value. From investments point of view, the company is priced below its true value. For this reason, it is rewarding investing this company’s shares because its stocks have a high probability of appreciating, hence a good investment opportunity that guarantees capital gains. This strategy (value investing strategy) has worked out well for Marquette Inc. given that its portfolio has consistently outperformed others in the broader market. Chief Financial Officers whose stocks are undervalued are less likely to issues them because such companies operate below their true value, thus have to pay more dividends in the future (Clayman, et al., 2012). Second step involves calculation of the cost of equity. With information on cost of debt available, it is possible to apply capital asset pricing model (CAPM) to compute the cost of equity. This is arrived at as follows: The company’s return on assets falls short of its WACC. This is an indication that this company is declining in value. This will scare away potential investors who would preferably invest their resources elsewhere that offer promising returns.The first step is the computation of cost of debt. Cost of debt represents bond’s yield to maturity. From yield to maturity calculator, this value is 7.51%.Therefore, the after-tax cost of debt is equal to 7.51% Ãâ€" (1 – 0.40) = 4.506%.  The second step involves calculation of the cost of equity. With information on the cost of debt available, it is possible to apply capital asset pricing model (CAPM) to compute the cost of equity.The company’s return on assets falls short of its WACC. This is an indication that this company is declining in value. This will scare away potential investors who would preferably invest their resources elsewhere that offer promising returns. Such decline in the value of the firm, there fore, raises concern about the company’s ability to raise capital in the future.

FDT 1 week 12 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

FDT 1 week 12 - Essay Example Its increasing expansion in operation around the central and North America has put it on the organized crimes definitions. Membership is subject to taking an oath which is accompanied with a trademark numerous tattoos on their faces and bodies and letter M or sum of 13. Their increasing rate of influence and attack on law enforcers across the United States has earned them a fearsome tag. Their criminal activities are diverse and just to mention a few include drug smuggling, gun running, people smuggling, hits for hire, theft, drug sales among others (Rafael,2007).Their increasing popularity and elevated status has attracted the attention of security agencies who in the recent past has initiated wide-scale raids to nab known and suspected gang members. The outcome has led to netting hundreds of arrests across the United States. The prowess in criminal records comes from the stringent initiation process and emphasis on ruthlessness as the measure of a member’s efficiency and parameter of promotion. They have strong legal structures that regulate behavior of members. Joint legislative remedies and increasing security measures are currently underway to eliminate this

Radiography in Ureterocele

Radiography in Ureterocele Ashley Norman One day wanting to be a mother, I can imagine that all you pray for is there to be no complications throughout the pregnancy. Walking into a doctor’s appointment for a routine ultrasound to check the baby and having the doctor say, â€Å"ma’am your baby has hydronephrosis and an ureterocele,† would be a very scary moment of the unknown. Because ureteroceles only occurs in about one of every 1,000 births, there would be many questions such as: what is an ureterocele, what tests will have to be done and what treatments will need to be taken (UCSF). As this became a reality to a friend of mine, all the questions must be answered. The field of radiography has different modalities and studies that use medical imaging that can diagnose and watch the condition of Ureteroceles. At nineteen weeks pregnant, Emily was told that Trent had severe hydronephrosis in his right kidney found on the ultrasound (Davis, 2014). One might be wondering, what is hydronephrosis? It is the distention of renal pelvis and calyces with urine (Eugene D. Frank, 2012). Another ultrasound done at twenty-four weeks showed the ureterocele. An ureterocele, a congenital condition, is a ballooning of the lower end of the ureter inside the bladder (Boston) (Philadelphia). This may cause part or the entire stream of urine from flowing freely into the bladder. It may also cause the backward flow of urine into the child’s kidney causing vesicoureteral reflux or VUR (Philadelphia). Ureteroceles are ten times more common in girls than boys, occur most often in Caucasians and vary in size (Boston). Trent is Caucasian, though he is a more rare case being a boy. Like Trent’s, the ureterocele is continued to be seen on the ultrasounds throughout the pregnancy. As determined, Ureteroceles are most commonly found from an ultrasound before the child is born or within a few days after birth. They are also used often to manage babies with hydronephrosis (Philadelphia) (UCSF). This modality of radiology called ultrasound or sonography is a noninvasive procedure that uses high-frequency sound waves to produce echoes within the body. The transducer sends and receives sound wave signals as it is moved over the surface of the body producing an image in real-time on a computer monitor. Learning the due date, revealing the presence of more than one child and the sex of the child or children are all familiar things that ultrasound determines. Conditions affecting the organs and tissues of the body such as the heart, gallbladder, liver, kidneys, and bladder may be determined by the use of sonography (WebMD Ultrasound). A renal bladder ultrasound is often used because its spotlight is specifically on the kidneys and bladder (Boston). The severity of the babies’ hydronephrosis and the presence of an ureterocele is valuable information shown on the RUS for the doctor. At about 16 or a18 months old, Trent had an RUS before he had surgery. Post surgery, Trent had another RUS to check the status (Davis, 2014). Again, ultrasound or sonography is the most common modality used to find Ureteroceles. Another study done to identify or evaluate the ureterocele is a voiding cysto-urethrogram or VCUG. The child will have a catheter placed through the urethra into the bladder (Philadelphia). A contrast material will be introduced against the normal flow or retrograde (Eugene D. Frank, 2012). As the contrast is filling the bladder fluoroscopy will be used to take pictures. Fluoroscopy is a type of medical imaging that is real-time showing continuous x-ray images on a monitor (FDA). Pictures will continue to be taken until the bladder is full and then again as the child voids or urinates. The VCUG study is done to confirm if VUR, reflux or backwash of urine into the ureter, is occurring because this would affect how the ureterocele is treated (UCSF). A VCUG was performed on Trent pre and post surgery (Davis, 2014). This procedure may be done more than once to continue to monitor the size and severity of the ureterocele along with any harm that may develop to the child’s kidneys. Nuclear medicine is another modality of radiography that â€Å"uses a special camera, gamma, to take pictures of tissues and organs in the body after a radioactive tracer, either radionuclide or radioisotope, is put in the vein in the arm and is absorbed by the tissues and organs. The radioactive tracer shows the activity and function of the tissues or organs† (WebMD Nuclear Medicine). A nuclear renal scan is done using nuclear medicine with one of two types of substances: DTPA or Mag3. Both are radiopharmaceuticals that may be used but very young children or someone with poor kidney functions will have better images if Mag3 is used (Nandurkar, 2009). The difference in function between the two kidneys may be measured along with the degree of blockage in the urinary system (Boston). Before surgery, a Mag3 scan was completed on Trent giving information on why the surgery was being performed and the severity (Davis, 2014). Using this modality of radiography, Nuclear Medicine, and its renal scanning test, ureteroceles may be identified and monitored. Finally, the modality of Magnetic Resonance Imaging or MRI may be used for ureteroceles. â€Å"MRI is a noninvasive diagnostic modality that does not use ionizing radiation.† The images on the computer monitor are provided by a powerful magnetic field and radio frequency pulses that are combined to produce a radio signal in the body that can be detected and processed electronically (Ehrlich, 2009). Although Trent has not had an MRI yet, when he does there will be very detailed pictures of the kidneys, ureters and bladder that can be taken and stored for diagnosis, monitoring and comparing of ureteroceles (Davis, 2014). The treatment of an ureterocele is dependent upon many factors such as the size, degree of obstruction, function of the kidney, presence of VUR and affects of the bladder. Although not all are helped by endoscopic surgery, it is one treatment that may be used to fix the ureterocele (Boston). Trent’s doctors at the Children’s Hospital in New Orleans chose this treatment. The endoscopic surgery is a minor procedure, no incisions made, which is usually done in an outpatient setting. A cystoscope, a lighted tube, is inserted into the urethral opening to see inside the bladder showing areas that may not show up well on X-ray images (Philadelphia). When the ureterocele is reached it will be punctured or popped, therefore relieving any obstruction. After the puncture, a VCUG is often performed to look for any reflux. Renal ultrasounds are also performed following the puncture to â€Å"ensure that any dilation has improved and that the ureterocele has gone away (UCSF).† Unfortunately, Trent was a case that the endoscopic surgery did not help (Davis, 2014). His mom and dad now have a waiting game to see if any further actions must be taken to try and solve his ureterocele. Through the field of radiology, different modalities and studies, Trent can be monitored and enjoy being a little boy, doing what little boys enjoy while his mom and dad trust the field of radiography and the advances that continue to keep their baby safe. Works Cited Boston, C. H. (n.d.). Ureterocele. Retrieved February 16, 2014, from Boston Childrens Hospital: http://www.childrenshospital.org/health-topics/conditions/ureterocele Davis, E. (2014, February). (A. Norman, Interviewer) Ehrlich, R. A. (2009). Patient Care in Radiography. Missouri. Eugene D. Frank, B. W. (2012). Merrills Atlas of Radiographic Positioning and Procedures. Missouri: Jeanne Olson. FDA. (n.d.). Medical X-Ray Imaging Fluoroscopy. Retrieved March 4, 2014, from FDA Gov: http://www.fda.gov/Radiation-EmittingProducts/RadiationEmittingProductsandProcedures/MedicalImaging/MedicalX-Rays/ucm115354.htm Nandurkar, M. M. (2009, May 01). Nuclear Medicine Renal Scan. Retrieved March 4, 2014, from Inside Radiology: http://www.insideradiology.com.au/pages/view.php?T_id=43#.UyHAJVBdW8A Philadelphia, T. C. (n.d.). Ureterocele. Retrieved February 16, 2014, from The Childrens Hospital of Philadelphia: http://www.chop.edu/healthinfo/ureterocele.html UCSF, D. o. (n.d.). Ureteroceles. Retrieved February 16, 2014, from University of California, Department of Urology: https://urology.ucsf.edu/patient-care/children/urinary-tract-obstruction/ureteroceles WebMD Nuclear Medicine, T. (n.d.). Nuclear Mediciine Scan. Retrieved March 4, 2014, from WebMD: http://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/nuclear-medicine-scan-topic-overview WebMD Ultrasound, T. (n.d.). What is an Ultrasound? Retrieved February 16, 2014, from WebMD: http://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/what-is-an-ultrasound

The Views from Matisse?s Windows :: essays research papers

The Views from Matisse’s Windows   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The menagerie of emotions that Henri Matisse evoked in his paintings spanned from enchanted enthusiasm to somber contemplation. In his paintings, Open Window and French Window, the artist depicted two vastly different views from possibly the same window, each nearly opposite in value, yet both impetuous in color. Various research studies have explored the psychology of color and have found that humans do relate color with emotion instinctively. One such study found that light, â€Å"warm†, colors encourage positive emotion, while darker, â€Å"cool†, colors spur negative emotion in most people. The bevy of warm colors in Open Window arouse elated emotion, while the cool colors in French Window innerve an icy feeling of solitude because the relationship between color and emotion is psychologically significant in the human process. Henri Matisse was the leader of the Fauvist movement of early Modernist art, a method that used true, brilliant color in often distorted brush strokes on canvas. The artists involved were titled the Fauves, French for wild beasts, because of their untamed and avant-garde approach to painting. They evaded detail and used the placement of color to create movement. Matisse’s new approach shook the art world and heavily influenced future artists, as he has been referred to as the â€Å"Master of Color†. In Matisse’s work, entitled Open Window, his oil sodden brush strokes illuminate the canvas with images of sailboats on a blush sea in the background and pots of crimson blooms in the foreground. The piece is drenched with life. His colors, vibrant and unnatural, range from cobalt to alabaster. A periwinkle, rose and ivory sky lingers above bobbing boats of coral masts, and hulls of azure and ebony. Greens flecked with varying amounts of yellow create hues of olive and amber in the foliage draping the windowsill. Indigo and terracotta pots hold bright scarlet and jade flora near the viewer. The window’s open doors reflect the image ahead; it’s glass panes mirroring the misty rose-colored water. The turquoise and lilac walls inside reveal that the window is in the corner of the room. A palette of colors full of vigor drenches the painting. Blues, greens and reds are the predominant colors in Open Window, and the 1996 research of Michael Hemphill will conclude that this is why one feels a surge of pleasure and vivacity while viewing this work. Of the 40 men and women in his color-emotion study, more than half cited blue as their favorite color.

My Memories :: essays research papers

These are some of my memories that I can remember clearly. Some are from a very long time ago and some are quite resent. I have three, some parts of them are bad memories and other parts are that good that I’ll never forget them. One of my earliest memories was when I was about 3 or 4 and lived in a small house in Warrington. It was a hot sunny day and I was out in the garden playing football with my friend Joe. My Mum, and Joe's Mum, were both in the house having dinner together because they had not seen each other for a while. Me and Joe were both seeing who could do the most kick-ups. When it was my turn, I kicked the ball too far and it landed in next doors garden. I walked over to have a look if I could see it. As I was walking over I could see some thing in the bush, I then realized it was an action figure. So I ran to get it, but before I got there, Joe had already beaten me to it. I tried to snatch of him but he kept hold tight, like a dog with a bone. We were fighting and arguing over it for about 2 or 3 minutes. Then all of a sudden he let go and I went flying through the air. I then ended up landing on the concrete out side the back door and smacking my head on the floor. The pain rushed to my head and I started to feel dizzy. It felt like some one had put my head in a vice and tightened it slowly. There was no blood but there was a huge bruise on the back of my head. I started to scream as loud as I could and both of our parents came rushing out of the back door to see what was going on. The brui se lasted for a week or so and I didn’t talk to Joe for a month or so. Another one of my memories was when I was around 10 years old. My Dad had a friend who was doing up an old motor bike out of scrap parts. At the time all I wanted was a motor bike, and I begged my Dan to buy it of his friend. My Dad asked his friend if he would sell the motor bike after he had got it working.

My Study Plan for Korean Language

A. Study plans to improve foreign languages(Korean, English, etc) required for taking a bachelor’s degree course BEFORE and AFTER you come to Korea. Before coming to Korea I've always been interested in foreign languages such as : Japanese and Korean aside from English . I taught myself a good amount of Korean and a basic Japanese ,too . It was hard for me because there weren't enough time due to my school schedule and there weren't any language institutes here that my family can afford either. I taught myself Korean using sites like : Korean101. om , TalkToMeInKorean. com , HaruKorean. com and busyatom. com . These sites helped me improving my Koren and I plan to continue using them more frequently if I get accepted . Aside from these sites , I picked up a lot of my Korean just by watching English Subbed Korean shows and dramas . It was both entertaining , fun and educational too ! As for English I have been developing it ever since I was 9 years old , even before learning it in school I was mesmerized by this amazing language !!And as my curiosity grew , my desire to master this language grew too ! I had a very good background before learning it in school . In my class I was always ahead of my classmates in English because I loved it . After 2 years I started making friends with other American girls and that improved my skills . Movies , novels and websites , It all helped me to speak English fluently aside from what I was learning in school . My family wasn't financially able to get me a seat in a language institute , which is why I haven't done the TOFEL exam yet .Still I managed to teach myself . That makes me confident that if I get chosen for the scholarship and learn Korean and in an institute I'll be able to achieve more !! If I get chosen I'd spend the whole year studying as much as I can . Since I managed to teach myself English even though I was busy with school , exams and home works , I'm confident & 100% sure that if I spend a whole Year s tudying Korean and focusing on Korean I'll master Korean and learn very well . I would practice what I learn as I interact with people .I would learn outside the institute using the websites that I mentioned above to rich my Korean and my English at the same time . I'll make use of every situation , every second starting from my arrival – since all I'll have to do is study the language I've always yearned to learn for a long time – and soak in whatever I can get my hands , ears and eyes on ! It just can't get any better . It has always been my dream to speak Korean fluently and more than that , I've always dreamed of having Korean friends and living in Korea .I even wish that I'll be allowed to do volunteering in Korea & I really hope to get approval of my request and be able to pay back to the Korean community and get close to its people whether it's elders , children or anything I absolutely want to do it , please help me fulfill this request too . I know that it's t oo much to ask but I really want to volunteer . I wish that my Korean will help me earn Korean friends . I'd be honored if I get accepted by them and I'll be really thankful if they teach me about their country , traditions and morals .I hope that I can be good enough to get close to them and be worthy enough to learn from them . I'm always willing to try and willing to learn . Having a chance to become a step closer to my dreams , who's crazy enough to mess such an opportunity ! Aside from Korean I want to improve my English . As I taught myself Korean and some Japanese , I came to find my English improving gradually . When watching Korean media ( drama , shows .. ect) I learn new vocabularies in the English subs and after I translate them , I learn the Korean version of the words .In my first year I'll focus on Korean but I won't forget my English either . I'll make sure to double the educational benefit of the scholarship that I'll receive . If I'll be given the chance to Learn K orean , I'll make sure to get the best of what I have and double it up and improve my English and after that I'm having a new language : Japanese . If I was given the chance to receive a good education I'll make it double and gain not only education and knowledge , I'll learn experience from everyone around me .I will make friends with new people that'll be studying Korean with me . Practice both Korean and English with them & exchange culture with them ,too . As I progress in Korean I'll keep up with English . I'm planning on saving up from my allowance – or working part time job – to be able to pay for the TOFEL and perform the exam , Since I've never been able to do so because I didn't have money . This is only the beginning for me . I want to learn Japanese , Italian , French and Spanish too . That way I'll be able to contact other people. If you talk to a man in a language he understands, that goes to his head. If you talk to him in his language, that goes to his heart† . said Nelson Mandela As a person who's constantly fascinated by languages . I believe that a human being is on a journey of learning as long as he's breathing & never too old to learn . There's just so much to learn from everyone in this world ! by learning new languages I want to get in touch with its people and their minds , their culture and experiences !My curiosity of the teachings other people carry around the world , fuels my desire to speak their language which will inspire me in my works and enlighten my life and my mind . I believe in myself and in my abilities & I'm yearning for attention , care and support . I know that if I live in a constructive , educational environment it'll help me sharpen my skills and be a productive promising talent . If I get the chance to be a KGSP student , I will work hard to prove that you chose the right student and do my best in order to achieve that.

Nursing Research article critique Effects of nursing rounds

The article Effects of nursing rounds on patients’ call light use, satisfaction and safety as reported by Meade, Bursell, & Ketelsen (2006) examines the possible implications that implementation of regular rounds by nurses might have on patients and nurses. The purpose of the study is to determine the extent to which the frequency of responding to call lights ‘affects patient-care management’ and the possible contribution that frequent nurse presence can make. The independent variables are scheduled one-hour or two-hour rounds as they affect the dependent variables of number and frequency of patient use of call button, patient satisfaction and the safety of patients.The research functions under the hypothesis that scheduled rounds by nursing staff, involving the performance of certain mundane tasks related to patient comfort and concerns, on medical, surgical or medical-surgical wards would have the effect of reducing the rate of use of call lights by patients, of increasing overall patient satisfaction and of improving the safety of patients. The relationship between the dependent and independent variables is thus expected to be positive. This hypothesis directly aligns with the specific purpose of the study.The literature reviewed in this study is quite comprehensive covering material from both classic and modern sources. Materials cited are from primary data sources and the majority fall within five years prior to the research. The concepts examined are rounding, patient satisfaction and call light usage. Table 1 provides a list of activities involved in rounding procedures. The literature review examines prior research exploring the variables under consideration such as the correlation between rounding and patient safety and between rounding and frequency of use of call light. The authors note, however, that specific research exploring the relationship of the nursing rounds on the aforementioned variables is lacking or inadequate. This r esearch presents new knowledge on the correlation between scheduled rounds by nurses only and improved care delivery.The theoretical framework that forms the basis of the research is that ‘improved patient-care management and patient satisfaction and safety are achievable with interventions that nurses can initiate and carry out.’ The research is of a quasi-experimental design which means that the researcher had little influence over the assignment of the hospital units into either of the experimental or control group.Hospitals opted to experiment with either a one-hour or a two-hour round in a medical, surgical or medical-surgical unit plus a control group in a separate unit over a four week period. Some administrators were asked to change a particular choice, however, so as to ensure equitable distribution across groups. Nurses in the experimental groups were trained on the procedures to follow during the rounds. The control group received no intervention but was brie fed on how to record the use of call lights by patients.The sample consists of 46 units in 22 hospitals across 14 states and representing both urban and rural populations. To be eligible hospitals were required to have medical, surgical or medical-surgical units, less than 5% external agency employees and nurse managers capable of overseeing the research. There is no evidence of randomization. Informed consent was through hospital administrators. The sample size is quite small given that there were only about 16 units per subgroup or a little over one per state. The sample size is not thus reasonable or equitable.Call light logs were used to record the room and time as well as to specify which of 26 given reasons, were responsible for patient calls. Patient satisfaction data was obtained from hospital administered surveys and questionnaires. Patient safety was recorded as the number of falls. Where reliability and validity of data was questionable they were not included in the analy sis.Data collection strategies were clearly described except for the questionnaire which the researchers had no control over. Data analysis procedures which include the use of means and t-test comparisons of the times that call lights were used among the groups. Ranking and classification were used to determine the seriousness of the calls made and the most frequent reasons. Paired t tests were used to analyze number of patient falls to determine patient safety.Results reveal that frequent rounds improve patient care as supported by the data showing one-hour rounds having a more significant impact on the other variables. The researchers believe that the findings are ‘generalizable to the majority of U.S. hospitals. This view is questionable given the numerous limitations of the research. Further research into the possible correlation of these variables in different hospital settings, across different units, among diverse populations is necessary. A more longitudinal survey wou ld best reveal generalizability.The sample size of the research was quite small. There was a lack of randomization so hospitals seemed to have chosen the experimental method that was more appealing to them. Researchers had little control over some of the instruments and thus were unable to ensure their reliability or validity. There were also no adequate procedures put in place to ensure nurse compliance in performing rounds and completing logs. Additionally staff may have been rotated between groups and thus brought practices from one into the other.The findings of this research, though not completely generalizable, have significant implications for nursing practice and general health care administration. If further research into the correlation between regular rounds and improved patient safety and satisfaction corresponds to the present findings then administrators will need to consider reorganizing their nursing schedules.The benefits to be gained from having nurses perform rout ine rounds seem to be positive and therefore the implementation of this method could become a mainstay of health institutions. Of course the research suggests that nurses do not have to complete these rounds, that other personnel could be utilized in accomplishing this. However, where constraints of resources are limited, having nurses complete regular rounds could be a very economical option.Meade, Bursell, & Ketelsen (2006) suggest that the consequent impact of these rounds on overall patient satisfaction and safety could have a corresponding positive effect on the number of lawsuits filed against hospitals for negligent practices. More routine monitoring of patients implies that nurses are able to check both serious and non serious matters before they escalate. Particularly with one-hour rotations serious relapses in patients’ health while they are unsupervised would be avoided. It is in the rare case where patients experiencing difficulties are unable to get medical assis tance in a reasonable amount of time. Discomfort could therefore be estimated during these routine visits.This could be a solution administrators use to address nursing shortages, ensuring that patients are adequately monitored. Long-term scheduling of rounds could be done in little time bearing in mind staff allocations. Where necessary other staff may be utilized even alternating rounds with nurses so that the patient is visited by a nurse every two hours.Further nurses would be held more accountable for the patients in their care. Administrators contemplating this method could also consider using logs to record the time of patient visits and the state of the patient during these visits and requiring that nurses complete these logs. Though this suggests more time demands it will mean patients calling on the nurses unnecessarily out of the scheduled round times and nurses having more time in between to attend to critical matters such as patient education. Nursing schools will also have to consider including additional training on round procedures. ReferencesMeade, C. M., Bursell, A. L., & Ketelsen, L. (2006, Sept). Effects of nursing rounds on patients’ call light use, satisfaction and safety. American Journal of Nursing, 106(9), 58-70.

Why is Human Memory Subject to Error?

Human memory is subject to error because human memory Is Imperfect Just Like many things In nature. The way we perceive things are not always accurate. Memory is not like a movie camera it is reconstructive. According to Wade & Travis (2012), â€Å"Because memory is reconstructive, it is subject to confabulation–confusion of an event that happened to someone else with one that happened to you, or a belief that you remember something when it never actually happened† (p. 266). In essence infatuation is hearing a story or an event and believing that story or event is† your† story or event.Memories that have been affected by confabulation can feel real even though the memories are false. Memories can be subjected to error because sometimes our memories piece together many parts and merge them all into one memory which is known as source misinformation. What might influence human memory? Memories can be influenced by many factors to Include but not limited to the power of suggestion, stress/anxiety, brain Injuries, mental Illness, and traumatic events. Those are a few of the influences I believe affect human memory.Human memory can be influenced by people we trust either directly or indirectly telling the subject that something happened when it did not actually happen. When we are affected by high stress or anxiety we may not correctly remember details. When the human brain has an Injury or is affected by mental Illness memories can be Influenced by improper thought processes. Traumatic events can Influence human memory by altering a subject's memory as a form of self-preservation. Through my personal experiences I have seen many of the above listed influence human memory.In light of the points that the Loft's article brings up, what kind of implications do the limitations of human memory have on eye-witness testimony? I believe that some of the Implications of the limitation of human memory have on eye-witness testimony Is the unreliabilit y of human memory and human emotions. According to Abramson, memory experts such as Loft's have been proving that not only Is memory unreliable, it can also be so utterly manipulated as to render it next-to- selves as pivotal evidence in criminal cases†.Memories that have been manipulated can provide incorrect testimony and without any further evidence can wrongfully convict an innocent person. In closing I believe that memories are a snap shot of a moving picture which can be changed or altered as a subject's memory sees fit.

Supply chain management in web technology Essay

Supply chain management in web technology - Essay Example In this research work, the theoretical aspects of the Supply Chain and how technology, specifically, the internet has helped in augmenting this system and in what way has the companies gained out of it. In order to execute this, measures are defined for targets by establishing key performance indexes which would be measured at the beginning of a technological implementation and measured again at the end of the technological implementation. This helped in establishing the gain out of technology. Technology helps in augmenting efficiency of supply chain management, particularly on the Global scale. However, SCM is not all technology but also an art. Careful work execution is as much important as technology for a successful SCM. 1. Study of the existing systems and the theory behind Supply Chain Management. This would involve going through the available literature in order to identify the various factors that make up the Supply Chain. Impact of every one of the factors is ascertained and the technology solution for every one of the factors is also identified, if available. Once these are identified, then the work in the case progresses with more clarity added to the nature of factors that influence the technology changes. Available literature is exhaustively collected for this purpose and the same is documented and referenced. 2. 2. Once the literature review is done, appropriate analysis is done to ascertain the impact of technology on supply chain. This would help in understanding the success of the technological innovations in this field. In addition to that, the effectiveness of such technological innovations and the extent to which they are trustable is also identified from the analysis. The analysis of the literature will also throw up other issues that have come up because of technological application on the supply chain. The advantages will also be discussed in short and the disadvantages along with issues that need to be countered or remain unsolved are also listed down. 3. An industry visit is done to identify the type of usage that exists in the industry in terms of supply chain. The practical issues that come up during the course of normal work and the methodology adopted by the industry's managers to counter these issues are also identified and taken in for consideration. One or two managers of the company are requested for an interview and then a set of qualitative questions are posed to them on the success of Supply chain management tools. The extent of success is then ascertained and points are allocated on a Likert Scale from 1 to 8. Based on this, another set of analysis is done and its closeness to the theoretical study is identified, if available. Secondly, during the course of the work, other targets listed are also met. 4. A final conclusion is drawn based on the literary review, the short survey that was taken from the company and its managers. Finally, the objective of the work, whether the technological application favours the supply chain and whether it has optimised work is done and identified. Literature Review Approach The methodology adopted for this literature review will be as follows: 1. Different products in the industry for Supply chain mana

Same as the last time Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Same as the last time - Research Paper Example The city of Seoul in southern Korea is therefore no exception and experiences one of the most radical extents of polarization evident in its pattern of habitation and the people’s way of life in the city. The disparity between the two regions: Gangnam and Gangbuk dates back as early as the 17 BC when the region around Pungnap became the administrative capital of the Joseon dynasty. Pungnap is located in a region believed to be in the Gangnam side of the city. It is not clear the exact location of the region but the royal dynasty that ruled the early Korea resides in this region owing to its favorable climatic condition and the forested neighborhood it therefore provided. This implies that the region has for a long time had the ambient of wealth, which thereby influenced its distinctive architecture and settlement pattern. The subsequent occupants of the city followed the settlement pattern, which secluded the Pungnap region alienating it for the royalties while the rest of the subjects settled in other parts of the city notable on the eastern side of the river Han currently the Gangbuk region. The special city of Seoul is the capital city of South Korea and arguably the largest modern day metropolis in the entire Korea. It is home to approximately fifty million people most of whom are South Korean nationals but also provides residence to more than ten million international business people (O'Loughlin 33). The city has an elaborate design, one that considers and showcases the economic growth of the country and its interesting history. The architecture of most skyscrapers in the city embodies the modernism in design and comfort but also imbed the rich cultural history of the South Korean people. The wide clean highways, the artistically tall building structures, and the every glaring subway stations among other interesting features such as Seoul’s nightlife all act as a unifying feature to the diverse people of the city. However, behind the glamor a nd the beauty, the truth of the city lies in a more analytical scrutiny of the residences’ way of life. It is conspicuous that the city has two extreme ends that find their way in virtually every aspect of life of the people in the city including the city design and its initial planning. River Han divides the city into two and the kind of life on each side of the river is distinct of Seoul economic stratification. Liberal markets have effective yet relatively concealed mechanisms of discrimination. While everywhere is accessible and every product available in the market, the price tag on the commodities and services in the market always ensure that the rich rarely interacted with the poor. Additionally, it provides for an effective mechanism of keeping the rich to their own society and possibly denying the poor access to such societies. Seoul is one such city. Being an industrial country, the South Korean economy grows very fast with international businesses giving rise to ex tremely wealthy businesspersons and business empires. The wealth disparity and economic imbalance influence the design since the city has to include all its residences despite their financial positioning. This has resulted in the birth of two residential regions namely the Gangnam and the Gangbuk. Gangnam resides the rich who therefore live more flamboyant lifestyles, a feature that influences the landscape of the Gangnam region on one side of River Hang.